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No. Each one is an ordinary process separated by Linux's network namespace feature. It sees its own network interfaces, address table and routing rules, but shares its files and process list with the main system. That is why any program on the computer can also run on a virtual server, and a whole network fits on one machine.
Not a general one. When observations are incomplete, the same data fits more than one reality; Turing's halting problem shows that no algorithm can always answer certain questions correctly, and Gödel showed that no single closed system can prove every arithmetic truth. The realistic goal is a system that errs far less than humans, calibrates its own confidence well and corrects its mistakes quickly.
By Landauer's principle, erasing information irreversibly means the entropy of the lost information has to be passed to the surroundings as heat. The lower bound on the cost is Boltzmann's constant times temperature times ln 2; at room temperature that is about 2.87 × 10⁻²¹ joules per bit. It is a tiny number, and real computers spend far more on cooling and error correction, but it is not zero. Reversible computing, which avoids erasing information, can sidestep part of this cost.
